XPS Study of Nitrogen Doped Graphene

Nitrogen doped graphene is a promising material for many applications, such as high-efficiency energy storage and conversion. It is also a potential precursor for new light-emitting devices and organic solar cells. However, to achieve the highest possible energy density, it must have a very low charge-discharge rate. This is not a simple matter. Here, we present an XPS analysis of the structure of a bilayer graphene with N-related defects, aiming to determine the charge and energy density of this material.

XPS analysis of structure

Nitrogen doped graphene, also known as N-3DG, consists of interconnected flakes of graphene. Several layers have been studied and the density of states in nitrogen-doped graphene has been estimated using spectroscopic techniques.

The intensity of the N1s band increases with doping, which is presumably the result of nitrogen adsorption onto the carbon lattice.

The resulting spectra showed four peaks. Two of the peaks correspond to the C-C bond and the pyridinic and graphitic N peaks. Moreover, two non-hexagonal rings appeared, which could be related to defects.

Nitrogen doping can be used to enhance the performance of hybrid structures. However, N doping can also be harmful to the structure, causing breaks in the ordered structure. It can deform the honeycomb structure. Moreover, the adsorption of nitrogen on the graphitic lattice causes a change in the chemical state of nitrogen.

XPS signal of N-related defects in bilayer graphene

The presence of nitrogen related defects is known to influence mechanical and electronic properties of bilayer graphene. These defects can be induced or suppressed. Moreover, their proximity to other defects can induce structural distortions. This study uses XPS measurements to explore the effects of nitrogen related defects on the structure and chemical state of trilayer graphene.

Nitrogen binding in doped graphene is typically correlated with binding energies between 401.1-402.7 eV. Typically, the pyrrolic N and pyridinic N binding energy ranges are the same for a graphene monolayer as for a bilayer. However, in the case of bilayer graphene, the formation energy of copper-related defect complexes is significantly lower than most N-related defects.

XPS characterization reveals the presence of three main peaks in all samples. It is the highest in intensity. In addition, a p-AP peak located on the defected layer demonstrates nitrogen adsorption in substitutional sites.

The XPS survey indicates a nitrogen atomic percentage of 2.0 at.% in the PG sample. Similarly, the NG1 sample has a nitrogen atomic percentage of 4.2 at.%. Moreover, the XPS surveys of NG2 and NG3 indicate that nitrogen concentration increases as the nitrogen content increases.

XPS characterization of the bilayer graphene shows that the presence of nitrogen related defects is able to translate the core level shift of the nitrogen atoms. Hence, the XPS spectra suggest that the BLG is converted into a sp3-hybridized structure. Moreover, the signal suggests that the C-C bonding in the trilayer graphene is in a wrong position.

Graphene supercapacitor energy density and rate

Supercapacitors are used for energy storage in a variety of applications, from fuel cells and wind turbines to hybrid electric vehicles. Graphene supercapacitors have significant energy density and rate performance. These devices are ideal for powering industrial forks and electric vehicles.

The superiority of graphene-based supercapacitors lies in their good specific capacitance and high ionic mobility. This is due to their ideal pore size and surface area. Compared to conventional supercapacitors, they are also able to handle high current density and high power.

Graphene-based supercapacitors are gaining increasing attention because of their unique properties. They are lightweight and strong. Furthermore, they have a high electron mobility. Its light weight makes it an ecologically friendly material. In order to increase their performance, researchers are exploring a new strategy.

One of the major challenges is the preparation of graphene electrodes. However, some companies have found a way to improve it. First Graphene Limited has been working on this problem. With the help of advanced electrochemical technology, it has been able to scale up its production of high-capacity hybrid active materials.

For the preparation of graphene electrodes, there are various techniques. Some studies have focused on polymerization and chemical synthesis methods. Others have studied the fabrication process for ionic liquids.

Another method of producing graphene electrodes involves the use of hydrothermal processes. Researchers have shown that this type of treatment is effective for the development of graphene-supercapacitor electrodes.

In addition, researchers have developed a three-dimensional macro-porous chemically modified graphene (e-CMG) film.

Finally, researchers have studied the electrochemical performance of graphene-based electrochemical capacitors in both aqueous and aqueous ionic solutions. They reported specific capacitance of up to 135 F/g in aqueous solutions.

Click here to read more: https://www.acsmaterial.com/nitrogen-doped-graphene-powder.html

Graphene quantum dots with different fluorescence properties by oxidation of graphene oxide

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are nanoparticles of graphene with tunable physicochemical and optical properties. They are a new addition to the nanoparticle family. Their potential applications in bioimaging and in vitro cell imaging, as well as medicine, are promising. These new graphene-based materials have a number of benefits, including high mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties, as well as biocompatibility.

The fluorescent intensity of GQDs increases as the size decreases. In particular, the luminous intensity of nitrogen-doped GQDs is intense under 365 nm UV light excitation.

In particular, pyrolysis is one of the simplest methods. Also, it requires a long time for pre-processing the graphite.

Another method, hydrothermal synthesis, is another approach to synthesizing graphene quantum dots. A large amount of strong alkali is necessary for this process. During this procedure, the hydrothermal process strongly influences the morphology of GQDs.

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